Read the text and complete the gaps with one word or phrase from the list below. There are three words or phrases you do not need to use. 0 is an example.
Is Europe going to restrict teens from using Facebook
By the end of this week it could be illegal for any European child under 16 to use Facebook - or Snapchat or any messaging service – (0) without the express consent of their parents. That, according to some interpretations, would be the result of a vote by an obscure committee to (1) ………… the digital age of consent from 13 to 16.
Who knew there was a "digital age of consent"? I certainly didn't but I am told it is built into the decisions that many online firms (2) ………… about the age they will allow people to join. In the United States a law called Coppa (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act) gives extra online protection to children under 13, and Europe has had a similar policy - (3) ………… is why the likes of Facebook have not allowed children in until they become teenagers.
Now, (4) …………, the European Parliament's civil liberties and home affairs committee is considering a change which is opposed both by social media firms and many child protection experts. A last minute amendment to Europe's Data Protection Regulation, says this: "The processing of personal data of a child below the age of 16 years shall only be lawful if and to the extent that (5) ………… consent is given or authorised by the holder of parental responsibility over the child." In other words, online firms that want to (6) ………… anyone under 16 will have to make sure they get mum or dad's permission first. That according to several online safety experts, will make children more vulnerable not less.
In an open letter to the committee they write that changing the age limit "would deprive young people of educational and social opportunities in a number of ways, yet would (7) ………… no more (and likely even less) protection. Others (8) ………… that social media has given a vital lifeline for troubled teenagers, and the risk is that they will not feel able to go online in search of help.
Now, there are plenty of children under 13 using Facebook and other social media sites, with and without parental consent, so it is (9) ………… asking whether changing the age limit will make a difference.
But the social media companies and their lawyers certainly think it will make it much harder for responsible companies to police their sites. That is why a furious lobbying effort is going on to try to persuade European lawmakers, (10) ………… meet today and vote on Thursday, to chuck out this amendment.
(11) ………… is missing from this debate so far is anyone making powerful arguments in favour of elevating the digital age of consent. Time, perhaps, for those voices to be heard. Dr Rachel O'Connell from the consultancy Trust Elevate - which is developing age-verification tools - (12) ………… that new technologies could be used by social networks to detect under-16s and limit what was done with their data without blocking access outright.
"Social media firms (13) ………… continue to offer access without processing under-16's personal data, ie gathering data, creating psychographic profiles of a young person and selling it to third parties, (14) ………… they got permission from a parent and young person," Dr O'Connell said. "This would require companies to be transparent with both parents and young people about how their data will be processed."
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Photo: Thinkstock on BBC.com
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